PERBAIKAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA TANAH PSAMMENT DENGAN PEMULSAAN ORGANIK DAN OLAH TANAH KONSERVASI PADA BUDIDAYA JAGUNG
Abstract
A research about amelioration of psycho-chemical of Psamment by using organic mulch and techniques of conservation tillage on corn growth had been conducted in 2009. Field experiment was located in Korong Olo Bangau, Batang Anai, Padang Pariaman Regency. The general objective of the research was to improve fertility of Psamment and to find out the best tillage practice for corn growth based on soil and water conservation rules. The treatment consisted of two factors (3 x 5) which was designed in RBD. The first factor was tillage (No till, Minimum till, convensional till) and the second factor was mulch source (without mulch, Tithonia, Chromolaena, rice straw, and corn straw). Parameters analysed were either soil physical (moisture, BD, total pore, aggregation) or chemical (pH, N, P, and K) properties, as well as crop production. The result showed that both treatments were able to improve soil-physico-chemical properties of Psamment and corn yield. The value of BD decreased, soil organic mattere, total pore, and aggregation increased. Then, the soil pH as well as available P and K tended to increase. The highest yield (dry seeds) was found from combination between minimum tillage and tithonia mulch.
Keywords: sifat fisiko-kimia, Psamment, mulksa, olah tanah konservasi, jagung.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adrinal dan N. Armon. 1993. Pengaruh berbagai cara pengolahan tanah dan pemberian mulsa terhadap penyebaran pori tanah Vertisol dan hasil jagung. Jurnal Penelitian Unand. No. 16/Mei/tahun VI/1994. Hal.132 -142.
Adrinal dan N. Armon. 1997 Besarnya kehilangan air anah akibat pemberian mulsa jerami padi dan pengolahan tanah pada vertisol yang ditanami jagung. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian Andalas Vo1.02, No.3, Juli 1997.
Agustamar, 2000. Pengaruh bahan organik dan takaran N, P, dan K terhadap serapan hara dan pertumbuhan tanaman pisang raja sereh dan cavendish di lahan kritis. Tesis S2 PPS Univ. Andalas. Padang. 96 hal.
Brown, R.E, J.L.Havlin, D.J. Lyons, C.R. Fenster, and G.A. Peterson. 1991. Longterm tillage and nitrogen effects on wheat production in a wheat fallow rotation. p 326. In agronomy abstracts. Annual meeting ASA, CSSA, Denver Colorado, Oct 27- Nov 1, 1991.
Dariah, A. 2007. Konservasi tanah pada lahan tegalan. Dalam Agus. F et. al, (eds) Bunga rampai Konservasi tanah dan Air. Hal. 138-144. Pengurus Pusat Masyarakat Konservasi tanah dan Air Indonesia 2004-2007. Jakarta.
Fidorova, Y. 2003. Substitusi N-urea dengan N-Tithonia (tithonia diversivolia) untuk tanaman jagung pada Ultisol. Skripsi Sarjana Pertanian unand. Padang.
Gill, D.W and J. Sri Adiningsih. 1986. Responses of land rice and soybean to potassium fertilization and residu management and green manuring in Sitiung, West Sumatera. Pemberitaan Penelitian Tanah dan Pupuk No.6:26-31.
Hakim, N dan Agustian. 2003. Gulma thitonia dan pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber bahan organik dan unsur hara untuk tanaman hortikultura. Laporan hibah bersaing XI/I. Tahun anggaran 2003. Unand. 62 hal.
Jama.B.A., C.A. Palm., R.J.Buresh., A. I. Niang., C. Gachego., G. Nziquheba and B.Amadado. 2000. Tithonia Diversifolia as a green manure for improvement of soil fertility in western Kenya. A Review.Agroforestry Systems
Jamilah. 2006. Substitution N fertilizer by greean manure to maize, given rock phosphate and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on typic paleudult. Jurnal Akademika Bidang eksata Vol. 10 no. 2: 1-11
Novalina. 2003. Substitusi NK pupuk buatan dengan NK Tithonia diversifolia untuk tanaman cabai (Capsicum annum L) padaUltisol. Skripsi Sarjana Pertanian Unand. Padang.
Sanchez, P. A. and B. A. Jama. 2000. Soil fertility replenishment takes off in East sand Southern Africa. International Symposium on Balanched Nutrient Management System for The Moist Savanna and Forest Zones of Africa. Held on 9 October 2000 in Benin. Africa.
Suriadikarta, T. Prihatini, D. Setyorini, W. Hartatik. 2002. Teknologi penegelolaan bahan organik tanah. dalam. Adimihardja, A et. al (eds) Teknologi Pengelolaan Lahan kering. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan tanah dan Agroklimat. BPPT Deptan. Bogor.hal 183-238.
Suwardjo. 1981. Peranan sisa tanaman dalam konservasi tanah dan air pada lahan usaha tani tanaman semusim. Disertasi Doktor pada Fakultas Pasca Sarjana IPB. Bogor. 240 hal.
Wagger, M.G., and H.P. Denton. 1991. Consequences of continuous and alternating tillage regimes on residue cover and grain yield in a corn-soybean rotation p. 344. In agronomy abstracts. Annual meeting ASA, CSSA, Denver Colorado, Oct 27- Nov 1, 1991.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/js.9.1.25-35.2012
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
