The Evaluation of Land Suitability for Arabica Coffee Cultivation (Coffea arabica L.) in Nagari Koto Gadang Guguk, Solok Regency, West Sumatra

Penulis

  • Maidia Solfianti Politeknik Negeri Pontianak
  • Gunadi Gunadi Universitas Tanjungpura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25077/jsolum.v23i1.315

Kata Kunci:

Arabica coffee, land suitability, soil conservation, GIS

Abstrak

Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan bernilai ekonomi tinggi, di mana tingkat produksinya sangat ditentukan oleh kecocokan lahan. Informasi ilmiah terkait kelayakan lahan spesifik di wilayah potensial, seperti Kabupaten Solok, masih minim. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Nagari Koto Gadang Guguk, Kecamatan Gunung Talang, Sumatera Barat, dengan tujuan menilai tingkat kesesuaian lahan bagi budidaya kopi Arabika. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Agustus hingga November 2024 melalui survei lapangan, analisis laboratorium, dan pemetaan berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) skala 1:50.000. Analisis mencakup karakteristik fisik tanah (tekstur, kedalaman efektif, drainase), sifat kimia (pH, karbon organik, kapasitas tukar kation, kejenuhan basa), serta faktor topografi dan iklim. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa lahan penelitian didominasi tekstur lempung berdebu hingga liat berdebu dengan C-organik sedang hingga tinggi (2,68–3,12%), pH agak masam (5,50–6,18), nilai KTK sedang–tinggi (21,53–32,54 cmol kg⁻¹), dan kejenuhan basa 42,53–68,23%. Dari hasil evaluasi, empat satuan lahan (SL1–SL4) dikategorikan kelas S3 (sesuai marginal) dengan kendala utama curah hujan berlebih (2.817–3.000 mm/tahun) dan kemiringan lereng (9–40%). Sementara itu, SL5 termasuk kelas N (tidak sesuai) karena masalah drainase. Potensi peningkatan kesesuaian lahan masih terbuka melalui penerapan konservasi tanah dan air, pembangunan terasering, penggunaan varietas adaptif, serta perbaikan sistem drainase. Keseluruhan hasil menegaskan pentingnya evaluasi kesesuaian lahan sebagai landasan dalam pengelolaan kopi Arabika berkelanjutan di wilayah dataran tinggi tropis.

Kata kunci: kopi Arabika, kesesuaian lahan, konservasi tanah, SIG

Unduhan

Diterbitkan

2026-01-23

Terbitan

Vol 23 No 1 (2026)

Bagian

Articles

Lisensi

Hak Cipta (c) 2026 Maidia Solfianti, Gunadi

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