PEMBERIAN AMELIORAN DAN ISOLAT BAKTERI FIKSASI NITROGEN NON SIMBIOTIK (FNNS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN SERAPAN N TANAMAN PADI GOGO (Oryza sativa L.) PADA MEDIUM ULTISOL
Abstract
The need of rice as the staple food of the people of Indonesia has a deficit every year. Upland rice cultivation in dry land such as Ultisols became one of the alternatives to meeting the needs of rice. However, productivity of crop in Ultisols is low because of some problems of acidity and nutrients deficiency. It is necessary input such as ameliorants like biochar cocopeat of oil palm empty bunch compost (OPEBC) and the use of bacterial non-symbiotic nitrogen fixation (NSNF) to fix the problems. The research aims to study the effect of application of ameliorant and suspensions of bacterial isolates of NSNF on growth and N uptake by upland rice in Ultisols medium. The research was conducted at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau, Pekanbaru from Mei to September 2017. The research in form factorial experiment was arranged a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor were ameliorant, consists of six type (biochar, cocopeat, OPEBC, biochar+cocopeat, biochar+OPEBC, each doses 50 g polybag-1 and without ameliorant as a control). The second factor were suspensions of bacterial isolates of NSNF, consists of three levels (10 and 20 ml polybag-1 and without bacterial isolates as a control). The parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, weight of dry shoot and roots, N uptake by shoot and roots. The results show that the application of ameliorant (biochar, cocopeat, OPEBC, biochar + cocopeat, biochar + OPEBC), each doses of 50 g polybag-1 and suspensions of bacterial isolates of NSNF doses of 0, 10 and 20 ml polybag-1 increased plant height, number of tillers, weight of dry shoot and N uptake by shoot compared to control and the application of without ameliorant with suspension of bacterial isolates of NSNF doses of 0, 10 and 20 ml polybag-1.
Key words : biochar, cocopeat, palm oil empty bunch, upland rice, ultisol
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aquilanti, L., F. Favilli, F. Clementi. 2004. Comparison of different strategies for isolation and preliminary identification of Azotobacter from soil samples. Soil Biol. Biochem. 36: 1475-1483.
Asai, H., B. K. Samson, Haefele, M. Stephan, K Songyikhangsuthor, K. Homma, Y. Kiyono, Y. Inoue, T. Shiraiwa dan T. Horie. 2009. Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos : 1 : Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops, volume 111 (1-2) : 81-84.
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian (BPPP). 2015. Petunjuk Pelaksanaan Percobaan Uji Multilokasi Padi Padi Gogo. Malang.
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Riau. 2015. Riau dalam Angka. BPS. Pekanbaru.
Chan, K.Y., van Zwieten, B.L., Meszaros, I., Downie, D. & Joseph, S., 2007. Agronomic values of greenwaste biochars as a soil amandments. Australian Journal of Soil Research,45,625-634.
Endriani., Sunarti, dan Ajidirman. (2013). Pemanfaatan Biochar Cangkang Kelapa Sawit sebagai Soil Amandement Ultisol Sungai Bahar-Jambi. Jurnal Penelitian Universitas Jambi seri sains. Volume 15 (1) : 39-46.
Gani, A., 2009. Biochar Penyelamat Lingkungan. Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi, Warta Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Vol 31 No.6 2009.
Glaser. 2002. Ameliorating Physical and Chemical Properties of Highly Weathered Soils in The Tropics With Charcoal: A review, Biol. Fertil. Soils. (35): 219–230.
Gani, A. 2009. Potensi arang hayati biochar sebagai komponen teknologi perbaikan produktivitas lahan pertanian. Jurnal Iptek Tanaman Pangan, volume 4 (1): 33-48.
Gardner, F. P, R. B. Pearce dan R. L Mitchell. 1991. Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya. Universitas Indonesia Press. Jakarta.
Ghehsareh, A. M, H. Borji and M. Jafarpour. 2011. Effect of some culture substrates (date-palm peat, cocopeat and perlite on some growing indices and nutrient elements uptake in greenhouse tomato. African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 5(12), pp. 1437-1442.
Guntoro, D. 2003. Pemanfaatan cendawan mikoriza arbuskula dan bakteri Azospirillum untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemupukan pada Turfgrass. Thesis Institut Pertanian Bogor (Tidak dipublikasikan).
Hasriani, D. Kusnadi, dan A. Saputra. 2013. Kajian Serbuk Sabut Kelapa (Cocopeat) Sebagai Media Tanam. Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. IPB. Bogor.
Ihsan, M. 2013. Manfaat Serbuk Cocopeat / Serbuk Sabut Kelapa. Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta.
Istomo dan Valentino. 2012. Pengaruh perlakuan kombinasi media terhadap pertumbuhan anakan tumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus (Miq.) Danser). Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, volume 3 (2): 81-84.
Iwan, R. 2012. Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai Alternatif Pupuk Organik. Erlangga. Jakarta.
Jones, J.B., B. Wolf and H. A. Mills. l99l. Plant analysis handbook: a ractical sample, preparation, analysis, and interpretation.
Lakitan, B. 2004. Dasar - Dasar Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Raja Gravindo Persada. Jakarta.
Maftu’ah, E. and L. Indrayati. 2013. The use of biochar to improve soil properties and growth Of paddy in peatland. Agrivita volume 35 (3). Pp 290-295.
Manurung, B., J. Sjofjan dan Armaini. 2016. Aplikasi abu sekam padi dan kompos tkks pada padi gogo (Oryza sativa L.) di areal gawangan kelapa sawit pada lahan gambut. JOM Faperta, volume 3 (1): 1-15.
Marlina, N., Silviana dan N. Gofar. 2013. Seleksi bakteri penambat nitrogen (Azospirillum dan Azotobacter) asal rhizosfer tanaman budidaya di lahan lebak untuk memacu pertumbuhan tanaman padi. Disampaikan pada Prosiding Seminar Nasional dan Rapat Tahunan Bidang Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian BKS-PTN Wilayah Barat. Pontianak.
Nisa, K. 2010. Pengaruh pemupukan npk dan biochar terhadap sifat kimia tanah, serapan hara dan hasil tanaman padi sawah. Thesis Universitas Syiah Kuala. Banda Aceh. (Tidak dipublikasikan).
Norsalis, E. 2011. Padi Gogo dan Padi Sawah. Repositori Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.
Prasetyo, B.H. dan D.A. Suriadikarta. 2006. Karakteristik, potensi dan teknologi pengelolaan tanah ultisol untuk pengembangan pertanian lahan kering di Indonesia. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, volume 25 (2): 39-46.
Prawiranata W. S. Harran dan P Tjondronegoro. 1988. Dasar-Dasar Fisiologi Tumbuhan. Departemen Botani Fakultas Pertanian IPB. Bogor.
Siregar, M. D. W., Nelvia dan H. Yetti. 2015. Aplikasi pupuk nitrogen dan campuran kompos tandan kosong kelapa sawit dengan abu boiler terhadap serapan hara npk oleh tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.). JOM Faperta, volume 2 (1) : 1-11.
Subagyo, H., N. Suharta, dan A. B. Siswanto. 2004. Tanah - tanah Pertanian di Indonesia. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat, Bogor.
Syam’un, E. dan A. Dachlan. 2007. Pengembangan Agen Mikroba Penambat Nitrogen Non Simbiotik untuk Aplikasi Tanaman Padi. Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Hasanuddin. Makassar.
Utomo, W. H. dan T. Islami 2016. Nitrogen fertilizer requirement of maize (Zea mays L.) on biochar-treated soil. Telah disampaikan pada Prosiding Biochar for future food security. Bogor.
Wuriesyliane, N. Gofar, A. Madjid, H. Widjajanti dan N. L. Putu.2013. Pertumbuhan dan hasil padi pada inseptisol asal rawa lebak yang diinokulasi berbagai konsorsium bakteri penyumbang unsur hara. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal, volume 2 (1): 18-27.
Yulia, R, N. Nelvia, E. Ariani. 2018. Pengaruh campuran cocopeat dan rock phosphate terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas padi gogo (oryza sativa l.) pada medium ultisol. J. Solum Vol. XV (1), Januari 2018: 17-25
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jsolum.15.2.40-49.2018
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
