KLASIFIKASI BEBERAPA SUMBER BAHAN ORGANIK DAN OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATANNYA SEBAGAI BIOCHAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jsolum.15.1.8-16.2018Abstrak
Optimalisasi pemanfaatan bahan organik akan dapat dilakukan dengan mengetahui kualitas bahan organik tersebut. Kualitas bahan organik tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kandungan hara, namun juga kecepatan pelapukannya yang dilihat dari kandungan lignin, nisbah C/N, C/P, dan C/S.  Pengujian terhadap 24 jenis sumber bahan organik di Kota Padang ini telah dilakukan pada bulan November 2016-April 2017 di laboratorium kimia tanah Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Andalas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan bahan organik berdasarkan kandungan haranya, menentukan bahan organik yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber biochar, dan mengkaji karakteristik dari biochar yang dihasilkan.  Parameter analisis bahan organik meliputi kadar air, C-total, N-total, P-total, K-total, C/N, C/S, C/P, dan kadar lignin.  Parameter analisis biochar meliputi kadar air,  kandungan N-total, C-total, P-total, K-total, S-total C/N, dan kadar abu. Dua puluh empat (24) sumber bahan organik yang tersedia, dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan kandungan haranya bahan organik  ini diklasifikasikan menjadi 2 yaitu : a)  bahan organik berkualitas tinggi, yang terdiri dari:  tithonia, krinyuh, gamal, kiambang, widelia, paku resam, azola, enceng gondok, alang-alang, jerami kacang tanah, jerami kedele, jerami jagung, kulit kakao, pupuk kandang ayam, pupuk kandang sapi, dan kulit jengkol, dan b) bahan organik berkualitas rendah yang dinyatakan berdasarkan kadar lignin, C/N, C/P dan C/S  yang tinggi, yang terdiri dari : jerami padi, sekam padi, pelepah kelapa sawit, tongkol jagung, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, ampas tebu, ampas kelapa sawit, dan serbuk gergaji. Bahan organik berkualitas rendah yang dioptimalkan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan biochar adalah jerami padi, sekam padi, dan tandan kosong kelapa sawit, dengan karakteristik kimia biochar yang dihasilkan memiliki C-total (28,86%), N-total (1,27%), P-total (0,28%), K-total (0,76%), S-total (0,21%), kadar abu (25,42%), C/N (22,72), C/P (103,07), dan C/S (137,43).
Kata kunci : bahan organik, biochar.
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